As explained by IQS Directory in the article “Understanding the Principle of Magnets,” magnetism is a natural force that results from the movement of electrons within atoms. While many materials exhibit some degree of magnetic behavior, only a few display it strongly enough to be considered true magnets. The Earth itself behaves like a giant magnet, with magnetic poles that attract or repel depending on polarity.
Magnets function based on the alignment of electrons within their atomic structure. When electrons in a material spin in the same direction, they create a unified magnetic field. Materials such as iron, nickel, and cobalt have electron configurations that allow for this alignment, making them ideal for creating permanent magnets. These magnets maintain their magnetic properties over time and are often used in industrial equipment, motors, and electronics. On the other hand, electromagnets are created when an electric current passes through a wire, generating a magnetic field that can be turned on or off, offering greater flexibility in certain applications.